At the bottom of the hierarchy (stratum I) are narrow abilities nested under each broad ability. In the middle of the hierarchy (stratum II) are broad abilities such fluid and crystalized intelligence. At the top of the hierarchy (stratum III) is the general factor of intelligence (also referred to as the g factor or g), which will be explained more later in this post. The CHC theory affirms that there are three strata of intelligence that hierarchically related to one another. The CHC theory is a synthesis of the Cattell–Horn Gf–Gc and Carroll Three-Stratum models, which have “have emerged as the consensus psychometric-based models for understanding the structure of human intelligence” ( McGrew 2009). Finally, I will cite data demonstrating the predictive validity of cognitive ability in academic achievement, occupational performance, socioeconomic success, anti-social behavior, and health.įor a more formal definition of the meaning of cognitive ability that I have in mind, see the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of human cognitive abilities, which has been deemed the “most widely accepted theory” of intelligence ( Sternberg 2012). I will begin with some background on cognitive ability, including definitions, the distributions of IQ test scores, the stability of cognitive ability test scores, and expert consensus on the validity of cognitive ability.
In this post, I will cite research showing the evidence for these claims. The associations are typically large, often making cognitive ability the best predictor for such outcomes.
Cognitive ability measured as early as age 6 has a strong association with one’s future success in a number of important outcomes, including academic achievement, occupational performance, income, educational attainment, occupational prestige, criminality, self-control, and health. There is overwhelming evidence showing the predictive validity of cognitive ability for important life outcomes.
This is an updated version of my old post from here.
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